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The content of the SWC registry has not been thoroughly updated since 2020. It is known to be incomplete and may contain errors as well as crucial omissions.

For currently maintained guidance on known Smart Contract vulnerabilities written primarily as guidance for security reviewers, please see the EEA EthTrust Security Levels specification. As well as the latest release version, an Editor's draft is available, that represents the latest work of the group developing the specification.

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Title

Code With No Effects

Relationships

Description

In Solidity, it's possible to write code that does not produce the intended effects. Currently, the solidity compiler will not return a warning for effect-free code. This can lead to the introduction of "dead" code that does not properly perform an intended action.

For example, it's easy to miss the trailing parentheses in msg.sender.call.value(address(this).balance)("");, which could lead to a function proceeding without transferring funds to msg.sender. Although, this should be avoided by checking the return value of the call.

Remediation

It's important to carefully ensure that your contract works as intended. Write unit tests to verify correct behaviour of the code.

References

Samples

deposit_box.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract DepositBox {
    mapping(address => uint) balance;

    // Accept deposit
    function deposit(uint amount) public payable {
        require(msg.value == amount, 'incorrect amount');
        // Should update user balance
        balance[msg.sender] == amount;
    }
}

deposit_box_fixed.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract DepositBox {
    mapping(address => uint) balance;

    // Accept deposit
    function deposit(uint amount) public payable {
        require(msg.value == amount, 'incorrect amount');
        // Should update user balance
        balance[msg.sender] = amount;
    }
}

wallet.sol

/*
 * @author: Kaden Zipfel
 */

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract Wallet {
    mapping(address => uint) balance;

    // Deposit funds in contract
    function deposit(uint amount) public payable {
        require(msg.value == amount, 'msg.value must be equal to amount');
        balance[msg.sender] = amount;
    }

    // Withdraw funds from contract
    function withdraw(uint amount) public {
        require(amount <= balance[msg.sender], 'amount must be less than balance');

        uint previousBalance = balance[msg.sender];
        balance[msg.sender] = previousBalance - amount;

        // Attempt to send amount from the contract to msg.sender
        msg.sender.call.value(amount);
    }
}

wallet_fixed.sol

/*
 * @author: Kaden Zipfel
 */

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract Wallet {
    mapping(address => uint) balance;

    // Deposit funds in contract
    function deposit(uint amount) public payable {
        require(msg.value == amount, 'msg.value must be equal to amount');
        balance[msg.sender] = amount;
    }

    // Withdraw funds from contract
    function withdraw(uint amount) public {
        require(amount <= balance[msg.sender], 'amount must be less than balance');

        uint previousBalance = balance[msg.sender];
        balance[msg.sender] = previousBalance - amount;

        // Attempt to send amount from the contract to msg.sender
        (bool success, ) = msg.sender.call.value(amount)("");
        require(success, 'transfer failed');
    }
}